Adrenals

The kidneys are located at the back of the body, behind the lower ribs and have several important functions in the body. They remove waste products, ensure that there is just the right amount of fluid and salts in your body, regulate your blood pressure and produce hormones that ensure sufficient red blood cells and strong bones. They are therefore very special, important organs that you need to live, because they purify your body of harmful substances by filtering the blood, allowing waste products and fluids to leave the body. On the kidneys are two small triangular glands known as the adrenal glands. The Latin name for these glands, adrenes, is, like the Dutch name, a combination of ad, which means 'on' or 'at', and renes, which means 'kidneys'. Every person has two adrenal glands and the main function of these organs is to produce a number of hormones in response to stress situations, including adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol. Androgens such as testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione are also produced in these small glands.

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The function of the kidneys

Via a branch of the aorta, almost a quarter of the blood pumped from the heart is led to the kidneys. There, the blood is filtered by these small organs, after which the purified blood is led further via the renal veins, while the residual urine is collected in the renal pelvis. The urine ends up in the bladder via the ureter. The kidneys function as filters and distinguish between certain substances that should remain in the blood and which should not. In addition to removing waste products from the body, another task of the kidneys is to maintain the ion balance, or the amount of water and salts in the blood. They squeeze almost everything out of the blood and then very selectively extract the useful substances, including water and salts. In addition, the kidneys play an important role in regulating blood pressure and the kidneys activate vitamin D. Optimal functioning of the kidneys is therefore important for a vital body.

Adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex

Contrary to what the name suggests, the adrenal glands have nothing to do with the kidneys. An adrenal gland consists of an inner part (medulla) and an outer part (cortex). The adrenal medulla is responsible for the production of two hormones (adrenaline and noradrenaline) that are important for the regulation of blood pressure, among other things. The cortex consists of three zones, each with its own function. The inner zone provides both female and male sex hormones, such as estrogen, progesterone and testosterone. The middle zone produces glucocorticoids (including cortisol), which influence fat distribution, form glucose and suppress inflammation. Finally, the outer zone is responsible for the production of hormones that influence mineral balance.